Steen Castle, one of Antwerp’s most iconic landmarks, stands as a testament to the city’s rich and turbulent history. Perched along the banks of the River Scheldt, this medieval fortress has witnessed centuries of change, serving various roles throughout its long existence. From a protective fortress to a royal residence and even a prison, Steen Castle’s story is deeply intertwined with the history of Antwerp itself.
The Origins of Steen Castle
Early Beginnings
The origins of Steen Castle date back to the early Middle Ages. It was initially constructed in the 9th century as part of a series of fortifications meant to protect the city of Antwerp from Viking invasions. The castle, originally called the ‘Antverpia’, was a modest wooden structure at first, which was gradually replaced by stone, earning it the name ‘Steen,’ meaning ‘stone’ in Dutch.
Medieval Expansion
During the 13th century, the castle was significantly expanded and fortified, reflecting Antwerp’s growing importance as a commercial hub in Europe. The thick stone walls and towers were designed to provide defense against potential invaders, while the interior served as a royal residence and administrative center. Steen Castle became a symbol of the city’s power and resilience, dominating the skyline of medieval Antwerp.
Roles Through the Ages
A Royal Residence
Throughout the Middle Ages, Steen Castle served as a residence for various noble families and royalty. It was not just a defensive stronghold but also a place of governance, where important decisions regarding the city and the region were made. The castle’s strategic location along the Scheldt River also made it a key point of control for trade and military operations.
A Grim Chapter: The Prison Era
In the 16th century, Steen Castle’s role took a darker turn when it was converted into a prison. For over 300 years, the castle housed prisoners, some of whom were subjected to harsh conditions and severe punishments. The castle’s dungeons became infamous, and its reputation as a place of suffering overshadowed its former grandeur. The prison era left an indelible mark on the castle’s history, making it a place both feared and respected.
The Modern Transformation
Restoration and Preservation
By the 19th century, the castle had fallen into disrepair, and there were discussions about its demolition. However, the city of Antwerp recognized the historical significance of Steen Castle and decided to preserve it. Extensive restoration work was undertaken, which helped restore the castle to its former glory. The renovations aimed to preserve the medieval character of the structure while making it accessible to the public.
A Cultural Landmark
Today, Steen Castle is no longer a fortress or a prison but a cultural landmark that attracts visitors from around the world. It houses the Antwerp Maritime Museum, which showcases the city’s long history as a major port and center of maritime trade. The museum’s exhibits include models of ships, maritime artifacts, and displays that tell the story of Antwerp’s seafaring heritage.
The Legends and Myths
The Ghost of Steen Castle
Steen Castle is not only rich in history but also in folklore. One of the most enduring legends is that of a ghost said to haunt the castle. According to local tales, the ghost is the spirit of a prisoner who met a tragic end within the castle’s walls. Over the years, many visitors and staff have reported eerie sightings and unexplained noises, adding to the castle’s mystique and allure.
The Statue of Lange Wapper
Another intriguing aspect of Steen Castle is the statue of Lange Wapper, a mythical giant from Flemish folklore. The statue, located near the entrance of the castle, depicts the giant in a menacing pose, symbolizing the myths and stories that are deeply rooted in Antwerp’s culture. Lange Wapper was said to terrorize the citizens of Antwerp, and his presence at Steen Castle serves as a reminder of the city’s rich tapestry of legends.
Conclusion
Steen Castle is more than just a historical building; it is a symbol of Antwerp’s enduring spirit and resilience. From its origins as a Viking defense to its transformation into a prison and now a cultural monument, the castle has seen and survived centuries of change. Today, it stands as a testament to the city’s rich history, offering visitors a chance to step back in time and explore the many stories that have shaped Antwerp over the centuries.
